Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases

ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print) | e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)

Evaluation of levels of stress hormones in patients with atherosclerosis

Ekhlas A. K. Kanani1, Marwa T. Ahmed2, Amenah Imad Fawzi3, Hamza Fadhel Hamzah4, Ahmed Abdullah Hussein5
1Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Tikrit, Iraq
3Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Techniques, AL-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
4Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
5Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ekhlas A. K. Kanani1, Marwa T. Ahmed2, Amenah Imad Fawzi3, Hamza Fadhel Hamzah4, Ahmed Abdullah Hussein5
1Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Tikrit, Iraq
3Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Techniques, AL-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
4Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
5Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Corresponding Email: amenah.i@albayan.edu.iq
  • Received 30/11/2024
  • Revised 29/12/2024
  • Accepted 31/01/2025
  • Published 24/02/2025

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Abstract

Chronic exposure to stress hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, has complex effects on cardiovascular health. Cortisol has anti-inflammatory properties but contributes to AS by altering lipid profiles and vascular function. Chronic stress increases norepinephrine and catecholamine levels, which contribute to hypertension and vascular contraction through the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary system. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system also elevates angiotensin II levels, further influencing blood pressure and catecholamine activity. Imbalance of hormones brought about by chronic stress, mainly on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, intensifies the risk for cardiovascular diseases due to a disturbed vascular response and myocardial dysfunction. Socioeconomic development and individual physiological responses may mediate these effects. These mechanisms identify potential therapeutic targets, including stress hormone modulation, for preventing and managing CVD.

key word
atherosclerosis, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cardiovascular disease, cortisol

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