Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases

ISSN: 2299-3711 (Print) | e-ISSN: 2300-5505 (Online)

The heart unveiled: Histological architecture, functional dynamics, and valvular mechanisms

Raghad Hazem Alabbasy1, Ihsan Khudhair Jasim2, Abdullah H. Maad3, Baydaa Abd4, Mohammed Jawad Alnajar5, Sada Ghalib Al- Musawi6, Harith Ahmed Mustafa7, Riyam Ahmed Saber8, Vivek Kumar Pandey9
1Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Sciences , University of Samarra, Iraq
2College of Pharmacy, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, Iraq
3Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
4Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq
5Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq
6College of pharmacy/ National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
7Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq
8Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
9Centre for Research Impact \& Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
Raghad Hazem Alabbasy1, Ihsan Khudhair Jasim2, Abdullah H. Maad3, Baydaa Abd4, Mohammed Jawad Alnajar5, Sada Ghalib Al- Musawi6, Harith Ahmed Mustafa7, Riyam Ahmed Saber8, Vivek Kumar Pandey9
1Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Sciences , University of Samarra, Iraq
2College of Pharmacy, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, Iraq
3Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
4Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq
5Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq
6College of pharmacy/ National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
7Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq
8Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
9Centre for Research Impact \& Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
Corresponding Email: vivek_pandey1@outlook.com
  • Received 21/11/2024
  • Revised 30/11/2024
  • Accepted 15/01/2025
  • Published 24/02/2025

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Abstract

The heart muscular organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs and above the diaphragm, covered by a strong fibrous sac called the pericardium, The heart consists of four chambers, the two thin-walled atria that form the upper and back parts of the heart, and the two thick-walled ventricles that form the front and lower parts of the heart. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps blood to a network of capillary blood vessels within or near the tissues to all parts of the body. The heart consists of three distinct layers: the pericardium, the middle myocardium, and the inner endocardium. The myocardium, which is responsible for the contractile behavior of the heart, is located within the myocardium. Myocardium should be organized very accurately in terms of a hierarchy because it’s associated with function. Heart tissue, for instance, has very crucial physiological characteristics; it does not need a direct stimulus externally applied to give an electrical stimulus on its cells; it could give an impulse and contract autonomously.

key word
heart muscular, myocardium, tunics, heart histological, frank-starling

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Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases anticoagulation atrial fibrillation atrial septal defect cardiac tumor cardiomyopathy computed tomography congenital heart disease echocardiography electrocardiogram electrocardiography heart failure implantable cardioverter‑defibrillator magnetic resonance imaging pregnancy pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary hypertension rare cardiovascular disease rare disease right heart catheterization right ventricular failure
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