This investigation is an attempt to examine the levels of IL-17A and the genetic polymor- phisms. This study comprised 100 patients (72 females, 28 males; age range 30–70 years) and 80 healthy controls (56 females, 24 males; age range 30–70 years) enrolled in the Rheumatology Unit. The age distribution of patients revealed that the age group of 41–50 years has the maximum prevalence of the disease, at 39%. The illness distribution is lowest among those aged 61–70, who comprise about 14% of all patients. The study revealed a significant gender disparity, with females accounting for 72% of the total number of patients and males accounting for 28%. The level of IL-17 was 103.43 ± 29.17 pg/mL compared with the healthy control group 60.12 ± 10.34 pg/mL at P < 0.01. The genotype frequency showed (GG, 41.25%; AA, 13.75%; GA, 45.00%) differs from that of the control group (GG, 50%; AA, 10%; GA, 40%) (χ2 = 8.466, df = 2, P = 0.014). The risk of RA was significantly increased by 3.73 times, with an OR of 3.73 (95% CI: 1.27–4.55, P = 0.008), due to the frequency of AA homozygotes being more significant in the RA group than in the control group (13.75% vs. 10%). Conversely, the heterozygous GA genotype was not substantially associated with the disease (P = 0.113). Compared to the mutant A allele, RA risk was 1.78 (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.17 − 2.04; P = 0.039).